Introduction

There are more than 181,500 veterans incarcerated in the United States. This is almost double the rate of incarceration among civilians. Other statistics on veterans and incarceration:

  • Arrests: One in three veterans are arrested at least once in their lifetime.

  • State and federal prisons: Veterans make up nearly 8% of those in state prisons and 5% of the federal prison population.

  • Sentence length: Veterans receive longer sentences than nonveterans on average.

  • Homelessness: 30% of incarcerated male veterans had a history of homelessness, compared to 15% of all incarcerated individuals.

  • Suicide risk: Veterans who have been incarcerated are almost twice as likely to make a suicide attempt than veterans with no justice involvement.

  • Recidivism Rate: Formerly incarcerated adults in the US shows that recidivism is common, with 68% rearrested within 3 years of release. Among veterans in jails and prisons, 68% and 73% respectively had at least one prior episode of incarceration.

Drawing inspiration from the groundbreaking research of Dr. Byron Johnson and his work on the InnerChange Freedom Reentry Initiative, the Damascus Model “OPERATION VICTORY” employs a specific holistic approach to offender rehabilitation and reintegration for incarcerated military veterans.

Understanding the Challenges of Reentry

Reentry into society after incarceration presents a complex array of challenges for returning citizens. Individuals often face a multitude of barriers, including limited access to employment, housing, healthcare, and social support. Moreover, the stigma associated with a criminal record can hinder reintegration efforts, leaving many isolated and unsupported. Without adequate resources and guidance, the path to a stable and productive life can seem insurmountable. For veterans within the criminal justice system, these challenges are compounded by factors such as untreated trauma, mental health conditions, and difficulties transitioning to civilian life. Addressing these unique issues requires a tailored approach that goes beyond traditional rehabilitation methods.

The Damascus Model: A Holistic Approach

The Damascus Reentry, Inc. Division of Institutions Reentry Model stands out as a beacon of hope in tackling the recidivism crisis. Drawing inspiration from the groundbreaking research of Dr. Byron Johnson and his work on the InnerChange Freedom Initiative, the Damascus Model employs holistic approach rehabilitation and reintegration. Veterans in the criminal justice system often face issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse, and difficulties reintegrating into civilian life. By providing targeted support, the Damascus Model includes:

  • Offer trauma-informed care and specialized counseling services.

  • Connect veterans with community resources and veteran-specific organizations.

  • Foster peer support through veteran-led mentorship programs.

Through these efforts, the Reentry Initiatives seek to honor the service of incarcerated veterans while empowering them to rebuild their lives.

Pre-Release Programming

At the heart of the Damascus Model is its emphasis on addressing the “whole person” through pre-release evidence-based practices. Veterans who volunteer to participate in “Operation Victory” generally will have a minimum of 3 years before anticipated release and housed on a selected living unit within the facility. Recognizing that successful reintegration begins long before an individual is released, the model focuses on the following dimensions:

  • Mental Health & Wellness: Mental health and wellness courses have emerged as transformative initiatives aimed at improving psychological, emotional, and social well-being.

  • Character Development: Character Development courses instill qualities such as integrity, empathy, self-control, and resilience.

  • Leadership Development: Leadership Development courses incorporate elements of critical thinking, self-awareness, emotional intelligence, and decision-making.

  • Community Building: Community Building courses focus on social complexities, relationships, and community engagement by reflection on behaviors, thought patterns, and interactions with others.

  • Daily Living Skills: Daily Living Skill (DLS) courses focus on essential life skills that foster independence, confidence, and a sense of purpose.

By addressing these interconnected dimensions, the Damascus Model empowers individuals to develop a well-rounded foundation for their reentry journey.

Post-Release Support

The transition from incarceration to community life is a critical phase, and the Damascus Model ensures that support does not end at the prison gates. Through a robust network of resources and partnerships, the program offers:

  • Job Placement Assistance: Connecting participants with employers who are willing to offer second chances.

  • Housing Support: Providing transitional housing and assistance in securing stable accommodation.

  • Mentorship Programs: Pairing returning citizens with mentors who can offer guidance, encouragement and accountability.

  • Ongoing Counseling: Ensuring continued access to mental health services and community support groups.

  • Assistance in securing VA services.

This comprehensive post-release framework is designed to mitigate the risk factors associated with recidivism and foster lasting success.

Impact and Future Directions

The holistic and evidence-based approach of the Damascus Model has already demonstrated promising results in reducing recidivism. By focusing on the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being of participants, the program offers a pathway to meaningful transformation. Looking ahead, Damascus aims to scale its initiatives to reach more facilities and communities across the United States. By forging new partnerships and leveraging data-driven insights, the organization is committed to breaking the cycle of recidivism and creating a safer, more inclusive society.

Conclusion

The Damascus Reentry, Inc. Division of Institutions Reentry Model represents a powerful response to one of the most pressing challenges in the criminal justice system. Through its holistic approach and commitment to addressing the diverse needs of Incarcerated Veterans, the program not only transforms lives but also strengthens communities. As Damascus continues to expand its initiatives and refine its methods, it stands as a testament to the potential of reentry programs to create lasting change.